Python

Cheng Luo has translated an additional portion of the Twisted Introduction into Chinese. You can find it on github. Thank you, Cheng Luo!

Piotr Dobrogost has converted the entire series into complete html and pdf versions. Thank you, Piotr!

Yang Xiaowei has translated a large portion of the Twisted Introduction into Chinese. Thank you, Yang!

Nina Evseenko has kindly translated the Twisted Introduction into Russian. Thank you Nina!

The index page also has links to earlier translations into Japanese and Estonian by Shigeru Kitazaki and Tim Gluz respectively.

Part 22: The End

This concludes the introduction started here. You can find an index to the entire series here.

All Done

Whew! Thank you for sticking with me. When I started this series I didn’t realize it was going to be this long, or take this much time to make. But I have enjoyed creating it and hope you have enjoyed reading it.

Now that I have finished, I will look into the possibility of generating a PDF format. No promises, though.

Part 21: Lazy is as Lazy Doesn’t: Twisted and Haskell

This continues the introduction started here. You can find an index to the entire series here.

Introduction

In the last Part we compared Twisted with Erlang, giving most of our attention to some ideas they have in common. And that ended up being pretty simple, as asynchronous I/O and reactive programming are key components of the Erlang runtime and process model.

Today we are going to range further afield and look at Haskell, another functional language that is nevertheless quite different from Erlang (and, of course, Python). There won’t be as many parallels, but we will nevertheless find some asynchronous I/O hiding under the covers.

Part 20: Wheels within Wheels: Twisted and Erlang

This continues the introduction started here. You can find an index to the entire series here.

Introduction

One fact we’ve uncovered in this series is that mixing synchronous “plain Python” code with asynchronous Twisted code is not a straightforward task, since blocking for an indeterminate amount of time in a Twisted program will eliminate many of the benefits you are trying to achieve using the asynchronous model.

Part 19: I Thought I Wanted It But I Changed My Mind

This continues the introduction started here. You can find an index to the entire series here.

Introduction

Twisted is an ongoing project and the Twisted developers regularly add new features and extend old ones. With the release of Twisted 10.1.0, the developers added a new capability — cancellation — to the Deferred class which we’re going to investigate today.

Asynchronous programming decouples requests from responses and thus raises a new possibility: between asking for the result and getting it back you might decide you don’t want it anymore. Consider the poetry proxy server from Part 14. Here’s how the proxy worked, at least for the first request of a poem:

Part 18: Deferreds En Masse

This continues the introduction started here. You can find an index to the entire series here.

Introduction

In the last Part we learned a new way of structuring sequential asynchronous callbacks using a generator. Thus, including deferreds, we now have two techniques for chaining asynchronous operations together.

Sometimes, though, we want to run a group of asynchronous operations in “parallel”. Since Twisted is single-threaded they won’t really run concurrently, but the point is we want to use asynchronous I/O to work on a group of tasks as fast as possible. Our poetry clients, for example, download poems from multiple servers at the same time, rather than one server after another. That was the whole point of using Twisted for getting poetry, after all.

Part 17: Just Another Way to Spell “Callback”

This continues the introduction started here. You can find an index to the entire series here.

Introduction

In this Part we’re going to return to the subject of callbacks. We’ll introduce another technique for writing callbacks in Twisted that uses generators. We’ll show how the technique works and contrast it with using “pure” Deferreds. Finally we’ll rewrite one of our poetry clients using this technique. But first let’s review how generators work so we can see why they are a candidate for creating callbacks.